It is heat-stable. Vitamins: It enhances the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates and fats. <> amzn_assoc_default_category = "Shoes"; It is taken in sufficiently small amounts and is beneficial in many metabolic processes of the body.. Vitamin C Vitamin C works as an antioxidant by being an electron donor.22 Vitamin E’s antioxidant func-tion depends upon Vitamin C, which regenerates alpha-tocopherol and thus allows maintenance of Vitamin E in its nonradical form. We get energy from the food we eat. Vitamins are classified as either water-soluble or fat-soluble. 9.312 Water-Soluble Vitamins: Vitamin skin, eyes, and mucous membranes of the B-Complex and Vitamin C. What are Fat-Soluble Vitamins? ",#(7),01444'9=82. SUBJECT Guidelines for the Classification of Vitamins and Minerals as Drug Or as Food The National Drug Committee (NDC) in a letter dated August 5, 1991 has recommended to BEAD the guidelines for the classification of vitamins and minerals as food or as drug. Water Soluble Vitamins: Vitamin B complex and It is also known as Retinol and carotenoids. %PDF-1.7 endobj It enables the body to use carbohydrates as energy. There are 13 vitamins which are required for human metabolism. Vitamin A Sources: It is found in cod liver oil, halibut liver oil, milk, butter, eggs, fishes, Meat, Carrots, spinach, mango, tomatoes, Dark-colored fruit, and dairy products such as cheese, yogurt, butter, and cream. Vitamin C in oranges aids our body to heal if we get any … The word vitamin is a combination of Latin words “vita” and “amine” which means life and nitrogen respectively. 3;� ����o(��φ5��}�G,�q�{)9��m�v���=������ Those that cannot be synthesized and are derived from vitamins are known as vitamin-derived coenzymes. WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS 10.3 B-COMPLEX VITAMINS Eight of the water-soluble vitamins are known as the vitamin B-complex group: Vitamins are a group of organic compounds that are extremely necessary and essential for normal growth and functioning of the human body. If it does not cover your specific item in detail you can search for it in the Trade Tariff Tool. Water-Soluble Vitamins Vitamin C and some Vitamins B are soluble in water and can be destroyed under heat, and thus we should avoid (1) washing them too much (2) cooked them too long time: Vitamin Function Food sources Symptom of deficiency Symptom of excess. Vitamin Supplements. Nine of the 13 essential vitamins are classified as water-soluble vitamins. Vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta carotene are among the most widely studied dietary antioxidants. <> a. It is heat-stable. It helps to create RBC (red blood cells) and releases sugar from stored carbohydrate to get energy. endstream Vitamin A, E, K and D are fat soluble vitamins whereas, vitamin B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9, B12, biotic and vitamin C are water soluble vitamins. It is a yellow oily substance, soluble in fat soluble but insoluble in water. It is important in maintaining nerve cell function, producing RBC’s, synthesizing fats and carbohydrates into energy and potentially producing cholesterol, different kinds of hormones and also aiding in the replication of DNA. amzn_assoc_default_browse_node = "13900871"; amzn_assoc_placement = "adunit0"; Vitamin E (tocopherol) Deficiency: Only noticed in those with severe malnutrition. Vitamins have three characteristics: They are natural components of foods; usually present in very small amounts. amzn_assoc_region = "US"; endobj Your body wants them to figure properly; therefore you grow and develop a bit like you must. Water-soluble vitamins dissolve easily in water and, in general, are readily excreted from the body, to the degree that urinary output is a strong predictor of vitamin consumption. Energy is the primary requirement for performing various activities. amzn_assoc_asins = "B00DQZ64YC,B004WYX4AS,B000A38F3Q,B000A2KAXU,B002C014JW,B0000ANHSZ,B002R0F9LG,B0012M2O90,B007HJFVNI"; Ascorbic acid may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. The thirteen different kinds of vitamins required for effective functioning of the human body may be classified into two categories namely water and fat-soluble vitamins. Vitamins are of two types and they are mentioned below: Your body doesn’t produce these vitamins and minerals on its own, and while you can get most of these from a supplement, your body reacts better when these vitamins and minerals come from food. Vitamins are organic compounds that are required in small amounts with our regular diet in order to carry out certain biological functions and for the maintenance of our metabolism. Both humans and animals require vitamins for their growth. VITAMINS CLASSIFICATION VITAMINSWater soluble vitamins include ii) Fat soluble vitamins include Vitamin C also called citric acid Vitamin A ( Retinol) Vitamin B1 (thiamine) Vitamin D Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) Vitamin B3 (niacin) Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) D2 (Ergocalciferol) D3 (Cholicalciferol) Vitamin B9 (folic acid) Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) Vitamin E (Tocoferol) Vitamin B12 … =�!�릲{��P������Əq��#!%U:D�n�N� There are groups of vitamin D of which D2 (ergocalciferol) and D3 (cholecalciferol) are chiefs. K, are stored in the body for long periods of time and generally pose a greater risk They cannot be synthesized in our body and hence need to be supplemented in the diet. amzn_assoc_region = "US"; Fat Soluble Vitamins: these are oily and hydrophobic compounds, they are stored in the liver and not excreted out of the body. Vitamins are required for growth in children, formation of hormones, blood cells, tissues and bones. 10.2 CLASSIFICATION OF VITAMINS Based on solubility Vitamins are classified as either fat-soluble (lipid soluble) or water-soluble. <> Fat-Soluble Vitamins Vitamin A, D, E and K are fat-soluble. Energy is the primary requirement for performing various activities. Thirteen vitamins are true vitamins which are further classified as water soluble and fat soluble vitamins. For example: Vitamin D in milk helps our bones. A vitamin is an essential compound of organic molecules that cannot be synthesized in the body but acquired through the diet that the person intakes. Daily Requirement of Vitamin K: A dose of Vitamin K varies depending on several factors such as age, gender, weight, etc. <> So, a substance that is a vitamin in one species may not be a vitamin in others. General Classification of Vitamins Vitamins generally classified into two main broad categories which are, water soluble vitamins (Vit B12, Vit C, folic acid, niacin Vit B3, Vit B1 and Vit B2) and fat soluble vitamins (Vit K, Vit E, Vit D and Vit A). Vitamins 6. In general, vitamins must come from the diet; the body doesn't make them. They are broadly divided into … The said recommendation is hereby adopted, and we quote: 2. 2. 2. amzn_assoc_region = "US"; These molecules form oriented monolayers at interfaces and show surface activity (i.e., they However, suboptimal intake of vitamin E is relatively common. Vitamins. Vitamin C Sources: Broccoli, spinach; Cauliflower, Potatoes, Cabbage, Citrus fruits(lemon, orange), Apple, Tomatoes, Strawberries, mangoes etc. Vitamin C is considered the most important water-soluble antioxidant in extracellular fluids. Vitamins: Vitamins help with chemical reactions in the body. 3 0 obj Different types of vitamins and minerals enable healthy body function, such as cell and tissue repair, production of cells, and healthy brain function. It keeps your nerve healthy, gets energy by the body from food and helps blood to clot properly. endobj amzn_assoc_marketplace = "amazon"; Demystifying nutrition: the value of food, vitamins and supplements Longwood Seminars, March 5, 2013 The following content is provided by Harvard Health Publications Putting multivitamins to the test Many studies have looked at the effect of vitamin and mineral supplements on disease, but the evidence has never been convincing. Plants synthesize all vitamins they require and therefore vegetables and fruits are rich sources of vitamins. 1. amzn_assoc_title = "Shop Your Products"; It is also known as pantothenic acid, is a solid crystalline substance. Vitamin B6 Sources: Liver, egg yolk, yeast, kidney, Meats, bananas, dried beans, Peas, soybeans, cereals, vegetables, and nuts, Avocado. 1. There is a potential for impaired blood clotting. For more information on water-soluble vitamins, see fact sheet . 2 0 obj It helps to maintain different bodily functions. The list of vitamins and minerals below can give you an understanding of how particular different types of vitamins and minerals work in your body, how much of each nutrient you need every day , and what types of food to eat to ensure that you are getting an adequate supply. Classification of vitamins • Water soluble  Vitamin B1  Vitamin B2  Vitamin B3  Vitamin B5  Vitamin B6  Vitamin B7/H  Vitamin B9  Vitamin B12  Vitamin C Cannot be stored and is readily extracted from the body • Fat soluble  Vitamin A  Vitamin D  Vitamin E  Vitamin K Can be stored in fat cells when excess is present and easily absorbed through the intestinal tract Vitamin Classification. 1 0 obj amzn_assoc_linkid = "df6e3e2dfb2223ece0caaeddeb1e4806"; Vitamin A Maintains eye health Promotes growth and development, maintains healthy bones and teeth B1 Enhances the protection and regeneration of cells … amzn_assoc_marketplace = "amazon"; �IZ�[� ��a�C9|i%�E��Ρ�ر�6���-�������"����|��p�W�����|{�ɺ��8Y�g�'�ibTJ�"IJӄF�U�t�Y�b>#W.Y^�v�����nM"�[��3nW����������7��� 'ܒ��0���M���C�@�zŒ�����>u�-vU��y?�]�b�gg�[ �=��c'�I�J�ibO�;l�h���A�P�pC�%FR���=�Dw9���[ߑ���g��ˋ]/tT�ݯ� Vitamin B2 Sources: Green beans, asparagus, bananas, peas, persimmons, okra, chard, cottage cheese, milk, yogurt, meat, eggs, egg albumin, fish, liver etc. It is a yellowish water-soluble vitamin. Certain minerals may also cause serious overdose symptoms if you take too much. Vitamin Classification. 3. An overdose of vitamins A, D, E, or K can cause serious or life-threatening side effects if taken in large doses. Vitamins A,D,E and K are fat soluble 2. Vitamins generally cannot be synthesized in amounts sufficient to meet bodily needs and therefore must be obtained from the diet or from some synthetic source. It is heat stable and antioxidants that help to prevent various diseases. It is heat-stable. What is a vitamin? endobj stream Classification of Vitamins. Biochemists traditionally separate them into two groups, the water-soluble vitamins and the fat-soluble vitamins. endobj amzn_assoc_title = "My Amazon Picks"; It contains cobalt. You can find out more about: 1… It is an unsaturated long chain alcohol C20H29OH. ISBN 92 4 154612 3 (LC/NLM Classification… It is a vital nutrient for an organism which maintains the normal body growth and other functions. Kidney International Supplements (2013) 3, 19–62 19 Table 2|Criteria for CKD (either of the following present for 43 months) Markers of kidney damage (one or more) Albuminuria (AERZ30 mg/24 hours; ACRZ30 mg/g [Z3 mg/mmol]) Sugar is hidden in many labels under a variety of different names. %���� It is yellow colored oily substance, soluble in fat solvents but insoluble in water. It is also known as niacin, is a white crystalline and soluble in water. Vitamins and minerals are used up when we digest food – usually we are repaid by the nutrients in the food – but there are no nutrients in sugar. amzn_assoc_ad_mode = "manual"; FREE Papers (PDFs) Mock Test & PDFs; Previous Year Papers; Discussion Forum; More. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, they are generally rare, although vitamin A deficiency is a major public health problem throughout the developing world, and there is evidence of widespread subclinical deficiencies of vitamins B 2 and B 6 endobj vitamins belong to classes of organic compounds, the nomen- clature of which has been considered systematically else- where; for these vitamins the trivial names are given together with the systematic names in the appropriate Rules. The stability of individual vitamins in premixes and finished feeds varies according to a number of factors. It is also known as Ascorbic acid. In some cases, an organism may be able to synthesize a small quantity of a vitamin, but in order to qualify as a vitamin, synthesis cannot fully meet metabolic needs. 6 0 obj A component of stomach acid, essential to digestion. You need vitamin C to protect all cells and to help your immune system work efficiently, while all of the B vitamins rely on each other to metabolize nutrients from the foods you eat. FDA regulates dietary supplements under a different set of regulations than those covering "conventional" foods and drug products. Vitamins … Water-soluble vitamins: Vitamin B-complex and vitamin C are water-soluble vitamins because they are soluble in water. Classification of Vitamins: Vitamins are generally classified as water-soluble vitamins and fat-soluble vitamins. Posted by Amit Pundir December 21, 2015 Leave a comment on SHORT NOTES ON VITAMINS. amzn_assoc_linkid = "8176995fc60e05367dcce2a1fda714d5"; There are 13 vitamins essential to the body. They are required in very small quantities but cannot be synthesized by the body itself, and can only be sourced from outside.. Vitamin B7 Sources: Egg yolks, liver, tomatoes, nuts, soybeans, whole grains, yeast, peanuts, leafy green vegetables etc. Naph- thoquinones, previously defined by Rule V-4, are now considered under the Nomenclature of Quinones with Isoprenoid Side Chains (page 3). It is white crystal and soluble in water. Vitamin C and some Vitamins B are soluble in water and can be destroyed under heat, and thus we should avoid (1) washing them too much (2) cooked them too long time: Vitamin Function Food sources Symptom of deficiency Symptom of excess. Chocolate etc. Fat-soluble vitamins: If vitamins are soluble in a fat solvent such as ether, chloroform, benzene, carbon, tetrachloride etc, then they are known as fat-soluble vitamins. Vitamin B5 Sources: Whole-grain cereals, broccoli, avocados, royal jelly,  fish ovaries, meats, Milk, Eggs, Mushroom, sweet potatoes, kale, and other vegetables in the cabbage. amzn_assoc_ad_type = "smart"; Vitamin B12 Sources: Fish, shellfish, milk, liver, kidney, meat, eggs, cereals, soy products, yeast etc. It is also known as Folic acid or folate. Fig. Definition and Classification of Surfactants4 Some compounds, like short-chain fatty acids, are amphiphilic or amphi-pathic, i.e., they have one part that has an affinity for nonpolar media and one part that has an affinity for polar media. Classification of Vitamins. It is also essential for the metabolism of glucose. Vitamins A, D, E and K are fat-soluble Vitamin C and B is water soluble. They are classified based on how they dissolve in your body. amzn_assoc_default_category = "PCHardware"; It is water soluble and acts as a precursor of coenzyme A. Minerals MyPlate, published by the USDA, makes it easy to envision just how much of each food type you should eat. <> Vitamins are organic molecules essential for proper metabolism that must be obtained from the diet. Vitamin K Sources: Cauliflower, Cabbage, Cereals, spinach, broccoli, romaine lettuce, Brussels sprouts, asparagus, Legumes, Beets, Wheat germ, Peanut butter,  Fish, liver, beef, eggs, Egg yolk, kidney, Milk, Pork, Yeast, Nuts. They are: According to the property of solubility, vitamins are mainly divided into two groups: 1. CLASSIFICATION OF VITAMINS Vitamins are classified according to their ability to be absorbed in fat or water 1. Fat-Soluble Vitamins. <>/Metadata 60 0 R/ViewerPreferences 61 0 R>> Vitamins are classified several different ways, according to how they travel through your body and the various roles they play in keeping you healthy. The size of the group corresponds to the number of recommended servings. This guide will: 1. provide some or all of the commodity codes for particular items and types 2. explain the differences between codes or headings affecting these items 3. detail any exceptions or rules You will still need to look up the full commodity code to use on your declaration using the Trade Tariff Tool. Coenzyme classification Coenzymes are part of the active site of the enzyme; they supply reactive groups that are not available on the side chains of the amino acids. 1.Vitamins — standards 2.Micronutrients — standards 3.Trace elements — standards 4.Deficiency diseases — diet therapy 5.Nutritional requirements I.Title. Vitamins PPT | PDF | PowerPoint Presentation. Apart from the normal food we consume, our body requires other compounds like vitamins in small amounts for the proper body functioning and deficiency of these compounds may cause disorders. Vitamin A, D, E and K are fat soluble. amzn_assoc_tracking_id = "mywebsit03240-20"; stream It is colorless crystalline solid substance and soluble in water. It is a derivative of the hexose L-glucose. amzn_assoc_placement = "adunit0"; Under the Dietary Supplement Health and … Definition of Vitamin and Mineral • Vitamins are organic compounds and minerals are chemical elements that are required as nutrients in small amounts by an organism. amzn_assoc_ad_type = "smart"; Vitamins are generally classified as water-soluble vitamins and fat-soluble vitamins. These are stored in adipose tissues and hence are called fat-soluble vitamins. The water-soluble vitamins are the B-complex vitamins and vitamin C. amzn_assoc_ad_mode = "search"; Vitamin and mineral requirements in human nutrition : report of a joint FAO/WHO expert consultation, Bangkok, Thailand, 21–30 September 1998. The word ‘vitamin’ (Latin, vita, life+ amine) is derived from the original word “vitamine”, coined by Casimir Funk in 1912. It is involved in the release of energy in the electron transport system. Bile salts and fats are needed for their absorption. Classification. <> Vitamin D Sources: Animal sources are the only sources of vitamin D. It is found in liver, Fish such as salmon, mackerel, herring etc, fish liver oil (cod and halibut), eggs, meat, milk, butter, and dairy products such as cheese, yogurt, butter, and cream. Vitamins. Vitamin A, D, E and K are fat soluble. Naturally found in plants and animals, vitamins are vital to growth, energy, and nerve function. 9 0 obj Do not take this medication with milk, other dairy products, calcium supplements, or … 14 … Vitamins. Once it involves vitamins, every one contains a special role to play. They are divided into two categories: water-soluble (vitamin C and all the B vitamins) and fat-soluble (vitamins A, D, E, and K). Xerophthalmia clinical classification and diagnosis 8 XN Night blindness 9 X1A, X1B Conjunctival xerosis and Bitot’s spot 9 X2 Corneal xerosis 11 X3A, X3B Corneal ulceration/keratomalacia 11 XS Scars 12 ... Vitamin A, or retinol, is a fat-soluble substance found in liver It is also known as Pyridoxine. It is an oily compound soluble in the fat solvent but insoluble in water. This guide will help you classify herbal medicines, supplements and tonics. Vitamin K is a fat soluble vitamin. Fat Soluble Vitamins: these are oily and hydrophobic compounds, they are stored in the liver and not excreted out of the body. Daily Requirement of Vitamin D: 400 IU (10 µg). The Vitamins: Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health, Fifth Edition, provides the latest coverage of the biochemistry and physiology of vitamins and vitamin-like substances. The fat-soluble vitamins, A, D, E, and . Vitamin B1 Sources: Brown rice, Cereal grains, sunflower seeds, whole-grain rye, asparagus, kale, cauliflower, Legumes (dried beans), Peas, beans, nuts, yeast, potatoes, oranges, Dried milk, liver, beef,  eggs, egg yolk, pork, etc. It is also known as Tocopherols and tocotrienols. The thirteen different kinds of vitamins required for effective functioning of the human body may be classified into two categories namely water and fat-soluble vitamins. Vitamin E Sources: Fish such as sardines, Egg, egg yolk, milk, butter, Seeds and nuts, Papaya and mango, Wheat germ, wheat germ oil, sunflower oil, spinach,  lettuce, broccoli, alfa-alfa, asparagus, turnip greens etc. It helps the production of RBC (red blood cells)  and is important for body growth. ���� JFIF �� C amzn_assoc_tracking_id = "mywebsit03240-20"; amzn_assoc_title = "Shop Your Products"; Vitamins are classified based on their solubility. amzn_assoc_search_bar_position = "bottom"; Vitamins differ from each other in physiological function, chemical structure, and distribution foods. Whereas they are not possible to be synthesized in our bodies they are easily synthesized in plants. Vitamins are organic compounds, found in natural foods which are required for normal growth and maintenance of the body. endobj Vitamins PPT | PDF | PowerPoint Presentation: Vitamins and minerals are substances that are found in foods we tend to eat. It is also known as Riboflavin, is a yellowish crystalline solid substance and soluble in water. Vitamins A,D,E and K are fat soluble 2. VITAMINS AND MINERALS CHART Different types of vitamins and minerals enable healthy body function, such as cell and tissue repair, production of cells, and healthy brain function. vi FAO/WHO expert consultation on human vitamin and mineral requirements Chapter 5 Vitamin B12 65 Role of vitamin B12 in human metabolic processes 65 Dietary sources and availability 65 Absorption 65 Populations at risk for and consequences of vitamin B12 deficiency 66 Vitamin B12 interaction with folate or folic acid 67 Assessment of vitamin B12 status 68 We need vitamins in our diet, because our bodies can’t synthesize them quickly enough to meet our daily needs. This is a diverse form of vitamin and further divided into B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, and B12. It is water soluble, an essential vitamin which plays an important role in maintaining a healthy metabolism of fatty acids, glucose, and amino acids. It is capable of neutralizing ROS in the aqueous phase before lipid peroxidation is initiated. amzn_assoc_default_search_phrase = "shoes"; Bile salts and fats are needed for their absorption. endobj Vitamin K is found in asparagus, safflower oil, green leafy vegetables, egg yolks and liver . amzn_assoc_search_bar = "true"; It has a strong antioxidant property which prevents unwanted oxidation in the body; It helps in the synthesis of proteins (prothrombin) involved in blood coagulation and bone metabolism; It acts as a coenzyme for transaminases, decarboxylases, and deaminases etc; It takes part in the formation and maturation of RBC(Red blood cells);It acts as a coenzyme; It regulates oxidation  and acts as a hydrogen carrier inside the cell;It maintains the integrity of colloidal intercellular substances; It helps in the development of matrix and deposition of calcium and phosphorous in the bones; It is a component of rhodopsin(eye), essential for night vision; It maintains the health and activity epithelial tissue as and glands; It maintains the integrity of nerves tissue and epithelial tissue; It helps reproduction and embryonic development; It helps in the bone formation by direct action on the bone cell; It helps the absorption of calcium and phosphorous from intestine; It helps in proper mineralization of bones; Mal-development of teeth various bony deformities; It participates in cellular electron transport system; It is essential for embryonic development; It is required for normal functions of muscles; It helps in the formation of the cell membrane; Atrophy of germinal epithelial of genital organs; It acts as a coenzyme in carbohydrate metabolism; It helps in the oxidation of sugar in the tissue and brain; It is concerned in the neuromuscular transmission of impulse; It plays an important role in heart, nerve and muscle function; It helps in the maintenance of epithelial and mucosal integrity; It acts as cofactors which are essential for flavoprotein enzyme reactions; Angular stomatitis (oral fissures at corners of the mouth); It is a prosthetic group in the coenzyme A; It helps in amino acid and fatty acid metabolism; It helps in the breakdown of fats and carbohydrates to produce energy; It helps in some unsaturated fatty acids amino acids metabolism; It helps in the synthesis of fat from proteins and carbohydrates; It helps to create RBC (red blood cells); It helps to releases sugar from stored carbohydrate to get energy; Convulsion and hyperirritability in infants etc; Enteritis or inflammation of the intestine; It helps in the synthesis of DNA in the nucleus of the cell; It helps to prevent abnormal brain growth; It helps against anemia, indigestion and skin disorder; It is essential for proper cell division; It reduces symptoms and side effects of anemia; It helps to prevent liver disorder, kidney disorder, and mouth ulcers; It has a role in nucleoprotein metabolism; It plays an important role in wound repair; It controls the metabolism of tyrosine and phenylalanine; It is the powerful and essential antioxidant in the body; Best Aquarium Stands: Review and Buying Guide 2020, Best Anatomical Skeletons: Review and Buying Guide 2020, Best Aquarium Sump Pump: Review and Buying Guide 2020, Best Lab Coats: Review and Buying Guide 2020, Best Filter for Turtle Tank: Review and Buying Guide 2020, Best Nano Reef Tank: Review and Buying Guide 2020, Enterobius vermicularis: Morphology, Life Cycle and Pathogenesis, Ancyclostoma duodenele: Morphology, Life Cycle and Pathogenesis, Neuron: Definition, Classification, Structure and Functions, Sinusitis : Causes, Symptoms and Treatments. It is also known as Biotin. Vitamin C and all of the B vitamins, such as thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, B-6, B-12, biotin, folate and pantothenic acid, are water-soluble vitamins. Vitamin C also helps the body absorb iron, which is needed for red blood cell production. Vitamin C is important for bones and connective tissues, muscles, and blood vessels. amzn_assoc_ad_type = "smart"; It also converts fats to energy and syntheses cholesterol. It is colorless oil, soluble in fat but insoluble in water. CHLORIDE. Vitamin A, D, E and K are fat-soluble. <> We get energy from the food we eat. Vitamins are usually designated by selected letters of the alphabet, as in vitamin D or vitamin C, though they are also designated by chemical names, such as niacin and folic acid. 6.1 Schematic representation of classification of antioxidants. Apart from the normal food we consume, our body requires other compounds like vitamins in small amounts for the proper body functioning and deficiency of these compounds may cause disorders. Catalase Catalase enzyme (CAT) is found in the blood and most of the living cells and decomposes H2O2 into water and oxygen (6.2). Vitamin B9 Sources: Leafy vegetables, bread, cereal,  pasta, liver, legumes, liver, fish, kidney, baker's yeast, whole grain products, different types of fruits,  sunflower seeds etc. <> endobj The daily recommended dose is typically 70 to 90 micrograms for adults; It is also known as Thiamine and is a white crystalline substance, soluble in water and heat-stable. 4 0 obj It is an essential element which is needed to metabolize many molecules. Vitamin E, a major lipid-soluble antioxidant, It is heat-stable vitamin which plays an important role in bone health. Each section of the plate represents a food group such as grains, protein, dairy, fruits, and vegetables. 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