Oxygen combines with most elements, is required for combustion, and is essential for life in most organisms. For example, he wrongly thought that water (H2O) had the formula of just HO. Oxygen gas is very reactive and can react with many other elements. COBUILD Advanced English Dictionary. [3], Materials that leave very little residue when they burn, like wood or coal, were thought to be made mostly of phlogiston. It has the symbol O and atomic number 8. Photosynthesis takes hydrogen from water using energy from sunlight, which gives off oxygen gas. [17] In 1805, Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Alexander von Humboldt showed that water is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Their decay proceeded without a ready supply of oxygen, producing hydrocarbons like methane instead of oxygen-bearing molecules. [a][47] Oxygen toxicity usually begins to occur at pressures more than 50 kilopascals (kPa), equal to about 50% oxygen in the air at standard pressure (air on Earth has around 20% oxygen). Photosynthetic cyanobacteria that arose some 3 billion years ago, for instance, began terraforming the planet by emitting oxygen. The other (nitrogen) he called "azote", which means "lifeless" in Greek. The symbol for oxygen is O. Oxygen is a non-metal element and is found naturally as a molecule. The oxygen in these oxides and in other compounds (mostly silicate minerals, and calcium carbonate in limestone) makes up nearly half of the Earth's crust, by mass. [7], J. J. Becher came up with the theory in 1667, and Georg Ernst Stahl added to it in 1731. This definition is the opposite of the oxygen definition, so it may cause confusion. Oxygen is more than a fifth of the Earth's atmosphere by volume. [35], O2 is a very important part of respiration. It was released under Zomba Records in 2002 and spawned two major hits, "God Has Not 4Got" and "Bout A Thang", which had a video for the single. (This is still the name of nitrogen in some languages, including French. Oxygen is the most common chemical element found on or in Earth. Some people believe this was the discovery of oxygen while others disagree. [6], Breathing pure O2 in space suits causes no damage because there is a lower pressure used. The temperature can go as high as 1,700 °C because it is an exothermic reaction. French chemist Antoine Lavoisier later said he had discovered the substance as well. The lungs are the main organ to do this. [48], Concentrated amounts of pure O2 can cause a quick fire. It is the supporter of combustion in air and was the standard of atomic, combining, and molecular … The hydrogen combines with carbon dioxide to make carbohydrates. to 49.2%[33] of the Earth's crust as part of oxide compounds like silicon dioxide and other compounds like carbonates. Industries use two main methods to make oxygen. English chemist John Mayow added to this by showing that fire only needed a part of air. [6], Oxygen's NFPA 704 says that compressed oxygen gas is not dangerous to health and is not flammable. [10] Sendivogius found, between 1598 and 1604, that the substance in air is the same as he got by heating potassium nitrate. oxygen, O, atomic number 8 (noun) a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust [12] He wrote that air was made up of two gases. If the temperature is raised still higher, or the pressure is reduced, oxygen is given off and the oxide is once more formed. He was also right about how it helps combustion work. Oxygen - What does oxygen stand for? At standard temperature and pressure, two atoms of the element bind to form dioxygen, a colorless and odorless diatomic gaswith the formula O 2. Oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen are all gases. Copyright © 2011. If the level is below 90 percent, it is considered low and called hypoxemia. The respiratory system, also called the gas exchange system, is the body getting rid of carbon dioxide and taking in oxygen.Carbon dioxide, a waste product, goes out of the body. [15] Later chemists realised that Lavoiser's name for the gas was wrong, but the name was too common by then to change.[16]. This gas is often just called oxygen. Where is oxygen found on Earth? O2 O2 is Gospel singer Tonéx's second major release. Oxygen is a part of water, which all known life needs to live. Oxygen forms a large part of the air…. This removes any sulfur or carbon from the ore that would not be wanted. Normal arterial blood oxygen saturation levels in humans are 95–100 percent. [46], At high pressures, oxygen gas (O2) can be dangerous to animals, including humans. Providing optimal oxygen therapy When we breathe in oxygen, it is carried by the, Oxygen is a waste product of green plants and. oxygen definition: 1. a chemical element that is a gas with no smell or colour. Looking for online definition of oxygen or what oxygen stands for? [42] These hydrogen bonds bring the atoms around 15% closer to each other than most other simple liquids from only Van der Waals forces. Priestley visited him in 1774 and told him about his experiment. The brain, also an organ, is particularly sensitive to the loss of oxygen. Describe 2020 In Just One Word? Oxygen gas is used for making steel, plastics and textiles. Oxygen Short, Inc. is a 501(c)(3) organization founded to address some of the most serious threats to our oxygen-producing ecosystems. Oxygen is very reactive and must be kept away from anything that can burn. Oxygen saturation is the fraction of oxygen-saturated hemoglobin relative to total hemoglobin (unsaturated + saturated) in the blood.The human body requires and regulates a very precise and specific balance of oxygen in the blood. [3][11][12] Scheele called the gas "fire air", because it was the only gas known to allow combustion (gases were called "airs" at this time). Oxygen Short, Inc. was created to inspire and drive consumer-based change to protect all sources of planetary oxygen. It is used to increase the amount of oxygen in a persons blood so more respiration can take place. Her aunt eventually recovered, was taken off a ventilator and is home, though she still needs oxygen. Diseases of the blood, the heart and circulation, and the lungs may all produce some form of hypoxia. Oxygen/Ozone Therapy Definition Oxygen/ozone therapy is a term that describes a number of different practices in which oxygen, ozone, or hydrogen peroxide are administered via gas or water to kill disease microorganisms, improve cellular function, and promote the healing of damaged tissues. He was the first person to explain how combustion works. [2] Philo thought this was because the air was turned into the classical element fire. The Most Surprisingly Serendipitous Words Of The Day, The Dictionary.com Word Of The Year For 2020 Is …. In the late 17th century, Robert Boyle found that air is needed for combustion. A small steel tank of 16 liters water capacity with a working pressure of 139 bar (2015 psi) holds about 2150 liters of gas and weighs 28 kilograms (62 lb) empty. This gas is often just called oxygen. Definition of oxygen. Oxygen does not, itself, explode or burn, but it does enhance the flammable properties of other materials such as grease, oils and cigarettes (Ashurst, 1995) - that is, it supports combustion. But the truth is trees only supply about 6% of the oxygen... the vast majority comes from algae in the ocean. The American Heritage® Stedman's Medical Dictionary oxygen - a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in … No single ignition source of the fire was conclusively identified, although some evidence points to an arc from an electrical spark. He sent a telegram to the French Academy of Sciences on 22 December 1877 telling them of his discovery. [40] Compounds of oxygen with other oxygen states are very uncommon. [43], Because of oxygen's high electronegativity, it makes chemical bonds with almost all other chemical elements. Night drew on, and the lamp in the sitting-room already began to burn dim for want of oxygen. Chemical oxygen demand testing is used to determine the amount of oxidation that … Oxygen concentrator definition: An oxygen concentrator is a type of medical device used for delivering oxygen to individuals with breathing-related disorders. [15] Ozone absorbs a lot of radiation in the UV part of the electromagnetic spectrum and so the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere protects Earth from radiation. This includes people with asthma, heart disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In the air, two oxygen atoms usually join to make dioxygen (O2), a colourless gas. a colorless, odorless, gaseous element constituting about one-fifth of the volume of the atmosphere and present in a combined state in nature. The zeolite molecular sieves soaks up the nitrogen. 5. Tetraoxygen (O4) was discovered in 2001. Mars has only 0.1% O2 by volume, with the other planets having less than that. All rights reserved. 183+26 sentence examples: 1. It is also easier for O2 to dissolve in freshwater than in seawater. Oxygen levels will be decreased to accommodate fewer people. [4] He found that a candle burning in a closed container made the water rise to replace a fourteenth of the air's volume before it went out. Scientists use symbols to stand for the chemical elements. When a person engages in high levels of physical activity, the body cannot distribute oxygen to the cells at a sufficiently rapid pace to keep up with the oxygen demand. Oxygen is usually found as a molecule made up of two atoms. … [49], From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, (Report of Apollo 204 Review Board NASA Historical Reference Collection, NASA History Office, NASA HQ, Washington, DC). He also tried to prove that the substance discovered by Priestley and Scheele was a chemical element. This is then changed to ethylene glycol, which is used to make many products such as antifreeze and polyester (these can then be turned into plastics and fabrics). It is the most common oxide on Earth. Define oxygen debt. There are small amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air, and it is turned into carbohydrates during photosynthesis. [39], Around 25% of oxygen made by humans is used by chemists. "Oxygen" became the name in the English language, even though English scientists were against it. Learn more. Oxygen forms a large part of the air…. Oxygen … A long time after, Leonardo da Vinci worked out that some air was used up during combustion, and this forced water into the vessel.[3]. After hydrogen and helium, oxygen is the third-most abundant element in the universe by mass. [41], Water (H2O) is an oxide of hydrogen. [19], At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen has no colour, odour or taste. Oxygen therapy is prescribed for people who can’t get enough oxygen on their own. O2 has a bond length of 121 pm and a bond energy of 498 kJ/mol[21] Because of its energy, O2 is used by complex life like animals. From this experiment he got a gas that he called "dephlogisticated air". Neurons begin to die within four to six minutes of oxygen deprivation. He published his discovery in 1777.[13]. All rights reserved. This is different to air, where there is a 1:4 ratio of oxygen to nitrogen. [49] The Apollo 1 crew were all killed by a fire because the air of the capsule had a very high amount of oxygen. Most metal's surfaces are turned into oxides when in air. Copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Company. It is a member of the chalcogen group in the periodic table, a highly reactive nonmetal, and an oxidizing agent that readily forms oxides with most elements as well as with other compounds. Still, it's good to be aware. In a few compounds, the oxidation state is −1, such as peroxides. For example, according to this definition, when ethanol is oxidized into ethanal: It is a very reactive nonmetal. Swiss chemist and physicist Raoul Pictet discovered liquid oxygen by evaporating sulfur dioxide to turn carbon dioxide into a liquid. oxygen debt synonyms, oxygen debt pronunciation, oxygen debt translation, English dictionary definition of oxygen debt. One he called "vital air" (oxygen), which is needed for combustion and respiration. It is often thought that the gas was discovered in 1773 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele, in Sweden, or in 1774 by Joseph Priestley, in England. noun Biology, Biochemistry. Oxygen forms compounds by reaction with practically any other element. Liquid oxygen and oxygen-rich compounds can be used as a rocket propellant. This happens at the nearly same rate, so the amount of oxygen gas and carbon dioxide doesn't change much because of it. [37][38], Smelting of iron ore into steel uses about 55% of oxygen made by humans. These bonds give oxides (for example iron reacts with oxygen to give iron oxide). ABOUT US. Carbon dioxide consists of carbon and oxygen. The human brain needs to be without oxygen for only four minutes before permanent damage occurs. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. )[12], Lavoisier renamed "vital air" to "oxygène", from Greek words meaning "sour making" or "producer of acid". [6] O2 is the second most important industrial gas.Because it is more economical , oxygen is usually stored and transported as a liquid. [6] His findings were published in 1775. Air was not part of this theory. These conditions normally run for a short period of time. Ozone (O3) is very reactive and damages the lungs when breathed in. It is essential for aerobic respiration and almost all combustion and is widely used in industry. It is a gas with the chemical formula O2 called dioxygen.[20]. The Free Dictionary. One of the first known experiments on how combustion needs air was carried out by Greek Philo of Byzantium in the 2nd century BC. It gives a gas stream that is 90% to 93% oxygen. It absorbs ultraviolet radiation, which means less radiation reaches ground level. All plants and animals need oxygen in order to live. Oxygen is part of the chalcogen group on the periodic table. This was what most people believed caused combustion and corrosion. "Michael Sendivogius, Rosicrucian, and Father Of Studies of Oxygen", "Michał Sędziwój - Traktat o Kamieniu Filozoficznym", 10.1002/1521-3773(20011105)40:21<4062::AID-ANIE4062>3.0.CO;2-X, "Liquid Oxygen Material Safety Data Sheet", "NFPA 704 ratings and id numbers for common hazardous materials", https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oxygen&oldid=7209108, Element infobox templates that need attention, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. Oxygen is a chemical element. It has no taste or smell. Hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water. Tree-hugging hippies would like you to believe that 90% of the oxygen in the world is produced by trees and if we lost all the trees, we're dead. n. The amount of extra oxygen required by muscle tissue during recovery from vigorous exercise. Oxygen is more than a fifth of the Earth's atmosphere by volume. [31] About 0.9% of the Sun's mass is oxygen.[12]. The largest contributor to the oxygen cycle is photosynthesis, a process in which plants use carbon dioxide, light and water to produce oxygen from carbon dioxide. By 1811, Amedeo Avogadro correctly worked out what water was made of based on Avogadro's law. [29], Oxygen is the third most common element in the universe, after hydrogen and helium. the complex process by which carbon dioxide, water, and certain inorganic salts are converted into carbohydrates by green plants, algae, and certain bacteria, using energy from the sun and chlorophyll. It makes oxides and other compounds with many elements. When concentrated oxygen and fuels are brought close together, a slight ignition can cause a huge fire. This can make them become healthy quicker if they are ill. Diatomic oxyg… Antoine Lavoisier gave the name oxygène to the gas in 1777. We initiate digital advocacy campaigns and partner with people closest to environmental problems so that we can promote lasting sustainable behavior. [12] He found that candles burned more brightly in the gas and a mouse lived longer while breathing it. This is wrong. [3], Polish alchemist, philosopher and physician Michael Sendivogius wrote about something in air that he called the "food of life",[9] and this meant what we now call oxygen. Researchers found no benefit for hospitalized patients who didn’t need extra oxygen. Dictionary.com Unabridged Lavoisier did the first main experiments on oxidation. He was the first person to say it was a chemical element. Water is also a polar molecule because oxygen has a higher electronegativity than hydrogen. [18], By the late 19th century, scientists found that air could be turned into a liquid and the compounds in it could be isolated by compressing and cooling it. Oxygen makes up around 21% of the Earth's atmosphere and 50% of the mass of the Earth's crust. We now call this oxygen (O2). A nonmetallic element that exists in its free form as a colorless, odorless gas and makes up about 21 percent of the Earth's atmosphere. Hypoxemia is determined by measuring the oxygen level in a blood sample taken from an artery (arterial blood gas). [3][14] It is because his findings were published first that he is often said to have discovered oxygen. Many molecules in living things have oxygen in them, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and fats. Oxygen is one of the atoms that makes up water (H 2 O). It is also the main part of the Earth's oceans, making up 88.8% by mass. © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Oxygen may be given in a medical setting, either to reduce the volume of other gases in the blood or … All known life needs water to live. Oxygen therapy is used to treat emphysema, pneumonia, some heart problems, and any disease that makes it harder for a person to take in oxygen. We Asked, You Answered. Some of the classes of organic compounds that have oxygen are alcohols, ethers, ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, esters, and amides. Each molecule is made up of two oxygen atoms that are strongly joined together. As dioxygen (or just oxygen gas), two oxygen atoms are chemically bound to each other. Oxygen is also found in nearly all biomolecules that are made by living things. The most common method is fractional distillation of liquefied air. Some say that oxygen was discovered by Swedish pharmacist Carl Wilhelm Scheele. Gas which animals need to survive and is produced by plant life. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. According to this definition, oxidation is the loss of hydrogen, while reduction is the gain of hydrogen. Oxygen gas is the second most common part of the atmosphere, making up 20.95%[34] of its volume and 23.1% of its volume. oxygen meaning: 1. a chemical element that is a gas with no smell or colour. Living things give it off during respiration.[44]. Atomic number 8; atomic weight 15.9994; melting point -218.8°C; boiling point -182.9°C; gas density at 0°C 1.429 grams per liter; valence 2. Why Is “Christmas” Abbreviated As “Xmas”? He got oxygen in 1771 by heating mercuric oxide and some nitrates. Why Do “Left” And “Right” Mean Liberal And Conservative? Water is made of two hydrogen atoms covalent bonded to an oxygen atom. Because of this, it is used in medicine. It is pale blue when it is liquid or solid. It is the third most common element in the universe, after hydrogen and helium. Oxygen also reacts quickly with many organic compounds at, or below, room temperature when autoxidation happens.[45]. Medical Definition of Oxygen. Oxygen dissolves more easily from air into water than nitrogen does. It is the third most common element in the universe, after hydrogen and helium. [12] He used these and other experiments to prove the phlogiston theory wrong. Oxygen is the eighth element in the periodic table of elements, and it sure is important! Copyright © 2005 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. [39] To do this, O2 gas is injected into the ore through a lance at high pressure. This page was last changed on 11 December 2020, at 04:29. [27] Both liquid and solid O2 are see-through with a light-blue colour. In the air, two oxygen atoms usually join to make dioxygen (O 2), a colourless gas. When there is the same amount of air and water, there is one molecule of O2 for every 2 molecules of N2 (a ratio of 1:2). “Pagan” vs. “Wicca”: What Is The Difference? If oxygen is combined with nitrogen, it produces five deadly poisons, viz. Master these essential literary terms and you’ll be talking like your English teacher in no time. [b][51], If liquid oxygen is spilled onto organic compounds, like wood, it can explode. Many organic compounds have oxygen in them. It has the symbol O and atomic number 8. Oxygen cycle definition is - the cycle whereby atmospheric oxygen is converted to carbon dioxide in animal respiration and regenerated by green plants in photosynthesis. 2005 by Houghton Mifflin Company into the box be without oxygen for four... Amount of its atmosphere is oxygen gas ( O2 ) name of nitrogen in some languages, including.! According to this by showing that fire only needed a part of.. 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